@article {fenizia_cysteinolic_2021,
	title = {Cysteinolic Acid Is a Widely Distributed Compatible Solute of Marine Microalgae},
	journal = {Marine Drugs},
	volume = {19},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Number: 12 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {683},
	abstract = {Phytoplankton rely on bioactive zwitterionic and highly polar small metabolites with osmoregulatory properties to compensate changes in the salinity of the surrounding seawater. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a main representative of this class of metabolites. Salinity-dependent DMSP biosynthesis and turnover contribute significantly to the global sulfur cycle. Using advanced chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques that enable the detection of highly polar metabolites, we identified cysteinolic acid as an additional widely distributed polar metabolite in phytoplankton. Cysteinolic acid belongs to the class of marine sulfonates, metabolites that are commonly produced by algae and consumed by bacteria. It was detected in all dinoflagellates, haptophytes, diatoms and prymnesiophytes that were surveyed. We quantified the metabolite in different phytoplankton taxa and revealed that the cellular content can reach even higher concentrations than the ubiquitous DMSP. The cysteinolic acid concentration in the cells of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii increases significantly when grown in a medium with elevated salinity. In contrast to the compatible solute ectoine, cysteinolic acid is also found in high concentrations in axenic algae, indicating biosynthesis by the algae and not the associated bacteria. Therefore, we add this metabolite to the family of highly polar metabolites with osmoregulatory characteristics produced by phytoplankton.},
	keywords = {cysteinolic acid, diatoms, DMSP, ectoine, LC/MS analysis, osmoadaptation, osmoregulation, phytoplankton, RCC76, salinity},
	doi = {10.3390/md19120683},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/12/683},
	author = {Fenizia, Simona and Weissflog, Jerrit and Pohnert, Georg}
}
@article {gebuhr_strain-specific_2021,
	title = {Strain-specific morphological response of the dominant calcifying phytoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi to salinity change},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {16},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {e0246745},
	abstract = {The future physiology of marine phytoplankton will be impacted by a range of changes in global ocean conditions, including salinity regimes that vary spatially and on a range of short- to geological timescales. Coccolithophores have global ecological and biogeochemical significance as the most important calcifying marine phytoplankton group. Previous research has shown that the morphology of their exoskeletal calcified plates (coccoliths) responds to changing salinity in the most abundant coccolithophore species, Emiliania huxleyi. However, the extent to which these responses may be strain-specific is not well established. Here we investigated the growth response of six strains of E. huxleyi under low (ca. 25) and high (ca. 45) salinity batch culture conditions and found substantial variability in the magnitude and direction of response to salinity change across strains. Growth rates declined under low and high salinity conditions in four of the six strains but increased under both low and high salinity in strain RCC1232 and were higher under low salinity and lower under high salinity in strain PLYB11. When detailed changes in coccolith and coccosphere size were quantified in two of these strains that were isolated from contrasting salinity regimes (coastal Norwegian low salinity of ca. 30 and Mediterranean high salinity of ca. 37), the Norwegian strain showed an average 26\% larger mean coccolith size at high salinities compared to low salinities. In contrast, coccolith size in the Mediterranean strain showed a smaller size trend (11\% increase) but severely impeded coccolith formation in the low salinity treatment. Coccosphere size similarly increased with salinity in the Norwegian strain but this trend was not observed in the Mediterranean strain. Coccolith size changes with salinity compiled for other strains also show variability, strongly suggesting that the effect of salinity change on coccolithophore morphology is likely to be strain specific. We propose that physiological adaptation to local conditions, in particular strategies for plasticity under stress, has an important role in determining ecotype responses to salinity.},
	keywords = {Calcification, Carbonates, Ecophysiology, Marine ecology, Marine geology, Morphometry, Paleoclimatology, rcc1210, RCC1232, rcc1824, rcc868, RCC904, salinity},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0246745},
	url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0246745},
	author = {Geb{\"u}hr, Christina and Sheward, Rosie M. and Herrle, Jens O. and Bollmann, J{\"o}rg}
}
@article {Guyon2018,
	title = {Comparative analysis of culture conditions for the optimization of carotenoid production in several strains of the picoeukaryote ostreococcus},
	journal = {Marine Drugs},
	volume = {16},
	number = {3},
	year = {2018},
	note = {tex.mendeley-tags: 2018,RCC745,RCC802,RCC809,rcc},
	pages = {76},
	abstract = {Microalgae are promising sources for the sustainable production of compounds of interest for biotechnologies. Compared to higher plants, microalgae have a faster growth rate and can be grown in industrial photobioreactors. The microalgae biomass contains specific metabolites of high added value for biotechnology such as lipids, polysaccharides or carotenoid pigments. Studying carotenogenesis is important for deciphering the mechanisms of adaptation to stress tolerance as well as for biotechnological production. In recent years, the picoeukaryote Ostreococcus tauri has emerged as a model organism thanks to the development of powerful genetic tools. Several strains of Ostreococcus isolated from different environments have been characterized with respect to light response or iron requirement. We have compared the carotenoid contents and growth rates of strains of Ostreococcus (OTTH595, RCC802 and RCC809) under a wide range of light, salinity and temperature conditions. Carotenoid profiles and productivities varied in a strain-specific and stress-dependent manner. Our results also illustrate that phylogenetically related microalgal strains originating from different ecological niches present specific interests for the production of specific molecules under controlled culture conditions.},
	keywords = {2018, carotenoids, GROWTH RATE, Light, Ostreococcus, rcc, RCC745, RCC802, RCC809, salinity, temperature},
	issn = {1660-3397},
	doi = {10.3390/md16030076},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/3/76},
	author = {Guyon, Jean-baptiste and Schatt, Philippe and Lozano, Jean-Claude and Liennard, Marion and Bouget, Fran{\c c}ois-Yves}
}
