@article {varga_cytotoxicity_2024,
	title = {Cytotoxicity of Prymnesium parvum extracts and prymnesin analogs on epithelial fish gill cells RTgill-W1 and the human colon cell line HCEC-1CT},
	journal = {Archives of Toxicology},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jan},
	abstract = {Harmful algal blooms kill fish populations worldwide, as exemplified by the haptophyte microalga Prymnesium~parvum. The suspected causative agents are prymnesins, categorized as A-, B-, and C-types based on backbone carbon atoms. Impacts of P.~parvum extracts and purified prymnesins were tested on the epithelial rainbow trout fish gill cell line RTgill-W1 and on the human colon epithelial cells HCEC-1CT. Cytotoxic potencies ranked A > C > B-type with concentrations spanning from low (A- and C-type) to middle (B-type) nM ranges. Although RTgill-W1 cells were about twofold more sensitive than HCEC-1CT, the cytotoxicity of prymnesins is not limited to fish gills. Both cell lines responded rapidly to prymnesins; with EC50 values for B-types in RTgill-W1 cells of 110 {\textpm} 11~nM and 41.5 {\textpm} 0.6~nM after incubations times of 3 and 24~h. Results of fluorescence imaging and measured lytic effects suggest plasma membrane interactions. Postulating an osmotic imbalance as mechanisms of toxicity, incubations with prymnesins in media lacking either Cl-, Na+, or Ca2+ were performed. Cl- removal reduced morphometric rearrangements observed in RTgill-W1 and cytotoxicity in HCEC-1CT cells. Ca2+-free medium in RTgill-W1 cells exacerbated effects on the cell nuclei. Prymnesin composition of different P.~parvum strains showed that analog composition within one type scarcely influenced the cytotoxic potential, while analog type potentially dictate potency. Overall, A-type prymnesins were the most potent ones in both cell lines followed by the C-types, and lastly B-types. Disturbance of Ca2+ and Cl- ionoregulation may be integral to prymnesin toxicity.},
	keywords = {Fluorescence microscopy, Ichthyotoxin, Ionoregulation, Microalgae, MS, RCC1436, RCC191, UHPLC},
	issn = {1432-0738},
	doi = {10.1007/s00204-023-03663-5},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03663-5},
	author = {Varga, Elisabeth and Prause, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne-Christine and Riepl, Matthias and Hochmayr, Nadine and Berk, Deniz and Attakpah, Eva and Kiss, Endre and Medi{\'c}, Nikola and Del Favero, Giorgia and Larsen, Thomas Ostenfeld and Hansen, Per Juel and Marko, Doris}
}
@article {dulong_exopolysaccharide_2024,
	title = {Exopolysaccharide from marine microalgae belonging to the \textit{Glossomastix genus: fragile gel behavior and suspension stability},
	journal = {Bioengineered},
	volume = {15},
	number = {1},
	year = {2024},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2296257},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {2296257},
	abstract = {With the aim to find new polysaccharides of rheological interest with innovated properties, rhamnofucans produced as exopolysaccharides (EPS) in a photobioreactor (PBR) and an airlift bioreactor (ABR) by the marine microalgae Glossomastix sp. RCC3707 and RCC3688 were fully studied. Chemical characterizations have been conducted (UHPLC {\textendash} MS HR). Analyses by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online with a multiangle light scattering detector (MALS) and a differential refractive index detector showed the presence of large structures with molar masses higher than 106 g.mol-1. The rheological studies of these EPS solutions, conducted at different concentrations and salinities, have evidenced interesting and rare behavior characteristic of weak and fragile hydrogels i.e. gel behavior with very low elastic moduli (between 10-2 and 10 Pa) and yield stresses (between 10-2 and 2 Pa) according to the EPS source, concentration, and salinity. These results were confirmed by diffusing wave spectroscopy. Finally, as one of potential application, solutions of EPS from Glossomastix sp. have evidenced very good properties as anti-settling stabilizers, using microcrystalline cellulose particles as model, studied by multiple light scattering (MLS) with utilization in cosmetic or food industry. Compared to alginate solution with same viscosity for which sedimentation is observed over few hours, microalgae EPS leads to a stable suspension over few days.},
	keywords = {fragile gel, Glossomastix, Microalgae, Polysaccharide, RCC3688, RCC3707, stabilizer},
	issn = {2165-5979},
	doi = {10.1080/21655979.2023.2296257},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2296257},
	author = {Dulong, Virginie and Rihouey, Christophe and Gaignard, Cl{\'e}ment and Bridiau, Nicolas and Gourvil, Priscilla and Laroche, C{\'e}line and Pierre, Guillaume and Varacavoudin, Tony and Probert, Ian and Maugard, Thierry and Michaud, Philippe and Picton, Luc and Le Cerf, Didier}
}
@article {saide_diatom_2023,
	title = {The Diatom Cylindrotheca closterium and the Chlorophyll Breakdown Product Pheophorbide a for Photodynamic Therapy Applications},
	journal = {Applied Sciences},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Number: 4 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	pages = {2590},
	abstract = {Microalgae, eukaryotic unicellular plants that are distributed worldwide, have been shown to exert anti-proliferative and anticancer activities on various human cancer cell lines. An example of a microalgal bioactive compound is a chlorophyll breakdown product named Pheophorbide a (Ppa), which has been reported to have anti-proliferative properties against various cell lines. This compound has also been tested with light exposure in photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment. In this paper, we screened eleven marine microalgae against a panel of cancer cells, and evaluated the synergistic anti-proliferative effect with Pheophorbide a, with and without photo-activation. The results showed significant anti-proliferative activity against melanoma cells when Ppa was combined with fraction E of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium plus 1 h photo-activation. Its activity was also analyzed using gene expression and Western blot experiments. Altogether, these data give new insights into the possible application of microalgae for photodynamic therapy.},
	keywords = {biotechnological applications, cancer, Microalgae, Pheophorbide \textita, photodynamic therapy, RCC1712, \textitCylindrotheca closterium},
	issn = {2076-3417},
	doi = {10.3390/app13042590},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/4/2590},
	author = {Saide, Assunta and Riccio, Gennaro and Ianora, Adrianna and Lauritano, Chiara}
}
@article {coleman_fine-tuning_2023,
	title = {Fine-tuning the flavor of Tetraselmis chuii by modifying nitrogen supply},
	journal = {Algal Research},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {103208},
	abstract = {Dried Tetraselmis chuii biomass has potential as flavoring agent for the development of plant-based seafood alternatives because of its seafood-like aroma and strong umami taste. Depending on the cultivation conditions, microalgae can adapt their metabolism, resulting in a change in biochemical composition. The aim of this study was to assess if the flavor of T. chuii could be modified by changing the nitrogen (N) supply in the cultivation medium in order to maximize the potential of T. chuii as flavoring agent. The sensory evaluation by a trained panel showed that the T. chuii biomass obtained from N starved cultivation conditions (N-deplete) is characterized by a significantly stronger odor intensity and earthy-like off-odor compared to T. chuii biomass obtained from N sufficient cultivation conditions (N-replete). The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using SPME-GC{\textendash}MS showed that these odor features of N-deplete biomass are attributed to an increased formation of odor-active VOCs including 2,3-butanedione, 3-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanol and sulfur-containing dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide. In contrast, the T. chuii N-replete biomass possessed a significantly stronger taste intensity, umami and salty taste compared to the T. chuii N-deplete biomass. The higher umami is attributed to the significantly higher free glutamic acid (Glu) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) concentrations in N-replete biomass compared to N-deplete biomass. This study illustrates that flavor and palatability of microalgae biomass is strongly affected by cultivating conditions and modifying these conditions can be an important tool in the development of plant-based seafood alternatives.},
	keywords = {Microalgae, Nitrogen starvation, RCC128, Sensory evaluation, Umami, Volatile organic compounds},
	issn = {2211-9264},
	doi = {10.1016/j.algal.2023.103208},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926423002412},
	author = {Coleman, Bert and Van Poucke, Christof and Dewitte, Bavo and Casciaro, Valentina and Moerdijk-Poortvliet, Tanja and Muylaert, Koenraad and Robbens, Johan}
}
@article {parsy_selection_2023,
	title = {Selection of photosynthetic microorganisms grown in artificial saline industrial effluents with liquid digestate: From screening to consortium cultures},
	journal = {Algal Research},
	year = {2023},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {103061},
	abstract = {The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using saline industrial streams as a culture medium to grow microalgae and cyanobacteria. Experiments were performed to determine the extent of the growth in artificial saline produced water and aquifer water supplemented with liquid digestate. Tests were performed in 96-wells microplates. Media were composed with different proportion of saline artificial produced water or aquifer water supplemented with 5\% v/v liquid digestate (final concentrations: 149{\textendash}195 mgN{\textperiodcentered}L-1, 1.5{\textendash}2.7 mgP{\textperiodcentered}L-1). Media were completed to 100 \% with artificial seawater, corresponding to final salinities of 40, 70 and 100 g{\textperiodcentered}L-1. D. salina, N. oceanica and T. suecica showed the best growth rates. They were selected to perform mixed cultures in 80 mL tubes in the same culture media. Population evolutions were followed for 19 days. Depending on salinity and industrial effluent used, different species became predominant over the two others (N. oceanica, T. suecica and D. salina. at 40, 70 and 100 g{\textperiodcentered}L-1, respectively). It appears that mixed culture is a good solution to have a biomass production during a culture process where the culture media will evolve in terms of salinity and composition.},
	keywords = {Aquifer water, cyanobacteria, Liquid digestate, Microalgae, Produced water, RCC4223, RCC537, rcc752},
	issn = {2211-9264},
	doi = {10.1016/j.algal.2023.103061},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926423000942},
	author = {Parsy, Aur{\'e}lien and Sambusiti, Cecilia and Baldoni-Andrey, Patrick and P{\'e}ri{\'e}, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Guyoneaud, R{\'e}my}
}
@inbook {Paredes2021,
	title = {Cryopreservation of algae},
	booktitle = {Cryopreservation and freeze-drying protocols},
	volume = {2180},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {607{\textendash}621},
	publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media, LLC},
	organization = {Springer Science+Business Media, LLC},
	keywords = {cryopreservation, macroalgae, Microalgae},
	isbn = {978-1-07-160783-1},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_32},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_32},
	author = {Paredes, Estefania and Ward, Angela and Probert, Ian and Gouhier, L{\'e}na and Campbell, Christine N.},
	editor = {Wolkers, Willem F. and Oldenhof, Harriette}
}
@article {russo_production_2021,
	title = {Production of Omega-3 Oil by Aurantiochytrium mangrovei Using Spent Osmotic Solution from Candied Fruit Industry as Sole Organic Carbon Source},
	journal = {Processes},
	volume = {9},
	number = {10},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Number: 10 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {1834},
	abstract = {Osmotic dehydration is an important phase in the production of dried products, including most fruits and vegetables, in the food industry. The drying process for candied fruit produces a liquid waste called {\textquotedblleft}spent osmotic solution{\textquotedblright}, which is characterized by a high content of organic compounds, mostly dissolved sugars. The sugar content of this food by-product could be valorized through the growth of biomass with a high added value. In this study, the spent osmotic solution from the candied fruit industry was used as an organic carbon source for the growth and production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the cultivation of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei RCC893. The carbon content of the standard media was completely replaced by the sugars present in this food by-product. After that, the growth condition of this strain was optimized through response surface methodologies using a central composite design (CCD), and the optimal combination of the spent osmotic solution and nitrogen was established. Moreover, a scale-up trial was performed using the optimal conditions obtained after CCD to evaluate the scalability of the process.},
	keywords = {DHA, food waste, Microalgae, PUFA, rcc, RCC893, sustainability},
	doi = {10.3390/pr9101834},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/10/1834},
	author = {Russo, Giovanni L. and Langellotti, Antonio L. and Blasco, Thierry and Oliviero, Maria and Sacchi, Raffaele and Masi, Paolo}
}
@article {Fernandes2020,
	title = {Hemiselmis andersenii and chlorella stigmatophora as new sources of High-value compounds: A lipidomic approach},
	journal = {Journal of Phycology},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Inc. tex.mendeley-tags: RCC661},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {jpy.13042},
	abstract = {To unlock the potential of Chlorella stigmatophora (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) and Hemiselmis andersenii (Cryptophyceae, Cryptophyta) as natural reactors for biotechnological exploitation, their lipophilic extracts were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) before and after alkaline hydrolysis. The GC-MS analysis enabled the identification of 62 metabolites{\textemdash}namely fatty acids (27), aliphatic alcohols (17), monoglycerides (7), sterols (4), and other compounds (7). After alkaline hydrolysis, monounsaturated fatty acids increased by as much as 87\%, suggesting that the esterified compounds were mainly neutral lipids. Hemiselmis andersenii yielded the highest Σω3/Σω6 ratio (7.26), indicating that it is a good source of ω3 fatty acids, in comparison to C. stigmatophora (Σω3/Σω6 = 1.24). Both microalgae presented significant amounts of aliphatic alcohols (6.81{\textendash}10.95 mg ? g dw-1), which are recognized by their cholesterol-lowering properties. The multivariate analysis allowed visualization of the chemical divergence among H. andersenii lipophilic extracts before and after alkaline hydrolysis, as well as species-specific differences. Chlorella stigmatophora showed to be a valuable source of essential fatty acids for nutraceuticals, whereas H. andersenii, due to its high chemical diversity, seems to be suitable for different fields of application.},
	keywords = {Chlorella stigmatophora, GC-MS, Hemiselmis andersenii, lipophilic fraction, Microalgae, RCC661},
	issn = {0022-3646},
	doi = {10.1111/jpy.13042},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jpy.13042},
	author = {Fernandes, Tom{\'a}sia and Cordeiro, Nereida},
	editor = {Li, Y.}
}
@article {Vigor2020,
	title = {Isoprostanoid profiling of marine microalgae},
	journal = {Biomolecules},
	volume = {10},
	number = {7},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: MDPI AG tex.mendeley-tags: RCC1349,RCC20,RCC69},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {1073},
	abstract = {{\textexclamdown}p{\textquestiondown}Algae result from a complex evolutionary history that shapes their metabolic network. For example, these organisms can synthesize different polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as those found in land plants and oily fish. Due to the presence of numerous double-bonds, such molecules can be oxidized nonenzymatically, and this results in the biosynthesis of high-value bioactive metabolites named isoprostanoids. So far, there have been only a few studies reporting isoprostanoid productions in algae. To fill this gap, the current investigation aimed at profiling isoprostanoids by liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in four marine microalgae. A good correlation was observed between the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) produced by the investigated microalgal species and their isoprostanoid profiles. No significant variations in the content of oxidized derivatives were observed for Rhodomonas salina and Chaetoceros gracilis under copper stress, whereas increases in the production of C18-, C20- and C22-derived isoprostanoids were monitored in Tisochrysis lutea and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, no significant changes were observed for C. gracilis and for T. lutea, while variations were monitored for the other two algae. This study paves the way to further studying the physiological roles of isoprostanoids in marine microalgae and exploring these organisms as bioresources for isoprostanoid production.{\textexclamdown}/p{\textquestiondown}},
	keywords = {Isoprostanoids, Micro-LC-MS/MS, Microalgae, Oxidative stress, PUFAs, RCC1349, RCC20, RCC69},
	issn = {2218-273X},
	doi = {10.3390/biom10071073},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/7/1073},
	author = {Vigor, Claire and Oger, Camille and Reversat, Guillaume and Rocher, Amandine and Zhou, Bingqing and Linares-Maurizi, Amandyne and Guy, Alexandre and Bultel-Ponc{\'e}, Val{\'e}rie and Galano, Jean-Marie and Vercauteren, Joseph and Durand, Thierry and Potin, Philippe and Tonon, Thierry and Leblanc, Catherine}
}
@article {Aveiro2020,
	title = {The polar lipidome of cultured emiliania huxleyi: A source of bioactive lipids with relevance for biotechnological applications},
	journal = {Biomolecules},
	volume = {10},
	number = {10},
	year = {2020},
	note = {tex.ids= Aveiro2020a tex.mendeley-tags: RCC1250 publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	pages = {1434},
	abstract = {Polar lipids from microalgae have aroused greater interest as a natural source of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), an alternative to fish, but also as bioactive compounds with multiple applications. The present study aims to characterize the polar lipid profile of cultured microalga Emiliania huxleyi using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC{\textendash}MS) and fatty acids (FA) analysis by gas chromatography (GC{\textendash}MS). The lipidome of E. huxleyi revealed the presence of distinct n-3 PUFA (40\% of total FA), namely docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3), which give this microalga an increased commercial value as a source of n-3 PUFA present in the form of polar lipids. A total of 134 species of polar lipids were identified and some of these species, particularly glycolipids, have already been reported for their bioactive properties. Among betaine lipids, the diacylglyceryl carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC) class is the least reported in microalgae. For the first time, monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine (MMPE) has been found in the lipidome of E. huxleyi. Overall, this study highlights the potential of E. huxleyi as a sustainable source of high-value polar lipids that can be exploited for different applications, namely human and animal nutrition, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.},
	keywords = {Emiliania huxleyi, haptophyta, Lipidomics, Mass spectrometry, Microalgae, RCC1250},
	issn = {2218-273X},
	doi = {10.3390/biom10101434},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/10/1434},
	author = {Aveiro, Susana S. and Melo, T{\^a}nia and Figueiredo, Ana and Domingues, Pedro and Pereira, Hugo and Maia, In{\^e}s B. and Silva, Joana and Domingues, M. Ros{\'a}rio and Nunes, Cl{\'a}udia and Moreira, Ana S. P.}
}
@article {Pierre2019,
	title = {What is in store for EPS microalgae in the next decade?},
	journal = {Molecules},
	volume = {24},
	number = {23},
	year = {2019},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {4296},
	abstract = {Microalgae and their metabolites have been an El Dorado since the turn of the 21st century. Many scientific works and industrial exploitations have thus been set up. These developments have often highlighted the need to intensify the processes for biomass production in photo-autotrophy and exploit all the microalgae value including ExoPolySaccharides (EPS). Indeed, the bottlenecks limiting the development of low value products from microalgae are not only linked to biology but also to biological engineering problems including harvesting, recycling of culture media, photoproduction, and biorefinery. Even respecting the so-called {\textquotedblleft}Biorefinery Concept{\textquotedblright}, few applications had a chance to emerge and survive on the market. Thus, exploiting EPS from microalgae for industrial applications in some low-value markets such as food is probably not a mature proposition considering the competitiveness of polysaccharides from terrestrial plants, macroalgae, and bacteria. However, it does not imply drawing a line on their uses but rather {\textquotedblleft}thinking them{\textquotedblright} differently. This review provides insights into microalgae, EPS, and their exploitation. Perspectives on issues affecting the future of EPS microalgae are also addressed with a critical point of view.},
	keywords = {application, eps, exopolysaccharides, market, Microalgae},
	issn = {1420-3049},
	doi = {10.3390/molecules24234296},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/23/4296},
	author = {Pierre, Guillaume and Delattre, C{\'e}dric and Dubessay, Pascal and Jubeau, S{\'e}bastien and Vialleix, Carole and Cadoret, Jean-Paul and Probert, Ian and Michaud, Philippe}
}
@article {Lu2016,
	title = {Transcriptomic profiling of Alexandrium fundyense during physical interaction with or exposure to chemical signals from the parasite Amoebophrya.},
	journal = {Molecular ecology},
	volume = {25},
	number = {6},
	year = {2016},
	note = {tex.mendeley-tags: 2016,RCC3037},
	pages = {1294{\textendash}307},
	abstract = {Toxic microalgae have their own pathogens, and understanding the way in which these microalgae respond to antagonistic attacks may provide information about their capacity to persist during harmful algal bloom events. Here, we compared the effects of the physical presence of the parasite Amoebophrya sp. and exposure to waterborne cues from cultures infected with this parasite, on gene expression by the toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium fundyense. Compared with control samples, a total of 14,882 Alexandrium genes were differentially expressed over the whole-parasite infection cycle at three different time points (0, 6 and 96 h). RNA sequencing analyses indicated that exposure to the parasite and parasitic waterborne cues produced significant changes in the expression levels of Alexandrium genes associated with specific metabolic pathways. The observed upregulation of genes associated with glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid β-oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis suggests that parasite infection increases the energy demand of the host. The observed upregulation of genes correlated with signal transduction indicates that Alexandrium could be sensitized by parasite attacks. This response might prime the defence of the host, as indicated by the increased expression of several genes associated with defence and stress. Our findings provide a molecular overview of the response of a dinoflagellate to parasite infection.},
	keywords = {2016, Animals, Dinoflagellida, Dinoflagellida: genetics, Dinoflagellida: parasitology, Gene Expression Profiling, Harmful Algal Bloom, Host-Parasite Interactions, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Microalgae, Microalgae: genetics, Microalgae: parasitology, Parasites, Parasites: chemistry, RCC3037, RNA, Sequence Analysis, Signal Transduction, Transcriptome},
	issn = {1365-294X},
	doi = {10.1111/mec.13566},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26841307},
	author = {Lu, Yameng and Wohlrab, Sylke and Groth, Marco and Gl{\"o}ckner, Gernot and Guillou, Laure and John, Uwe}
}
