@article {filatov_mode_2021,
	title = {The mode of speciation during a recent radiation in open-ocean phytoplankton},
	journal = {Current Biology},
	year = {2021},
	month = {oct},
	abstract = {Despite the enormous ecological importance of marine phytoplankton, surprisingly little is known about how new phytoplankton species originate and evolve in the open ocean, in the absence of apparent geographic barriers that typically act as isolation mechanisms in speciation. To investigate the mechanism of open-ocean speciation, we combined fossil and climatic records from the late Quaternary with genome-wide evolutionary genetic analyses of speciation in the ubiquitous and abundant pelagic coccolithophore genus Gephyrocapsa (including G. huxleyi, formerly known as Emiliania huxleyi). Based on the analysis of 43 sequenced genomes, we report that the best-fitting scenario for all speciation events analyzed included an extended period of complete isolation followed by recent (Holocene) secondary contact, supporting the role of geographic or oceanographic barriers in population divergence and speciation. Consistent with this, fossil data reveal considerable diachroneity of species first occurrence. The timing of all speciation events coincided with glacial phases of glacial-interglacial cycles, suggesting that stronger isolation between the ocean basins and increased segregation of ecological niches during glaciations are important drivers of speciation in marine phytoplankton. The similarity across multiple speciation events implies the generality of this inferred speciation scenario for marine phytoplankton.},
	keywords = {phytoplankton, population genetic modeling, rcc1212, rcc1238, RCC1239, RCC1253, RCC1281, RCC1296, RCC1310, RCC1314, RCC1562, RCC1836, RCC3370, RCC3711, RCC3733, RCC3862, RCC3898, RCC4002, RCC4028, RCC4030, RCC4032, RCC4033, RCC4034, RCC4035, RCC4036, RCC5119, RCC5134, RCC5137, RCC5141, RCC6566, RCC6730, secondary contact, sequence polymorphism, speciation},
	issn = {0960-9822},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.073},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982221013415},
	author = {Filatov, Dmitry A. and Bendif, El Mahdi and Archontikis, Odysseas A. and Hagino, Kyoko and Rickaby, Rosalind E. M.}
}
@article {Bendif2015,
	title = {Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of new gephyrocapsa isolates suggests introgressive hybridization in the Emiliania/Gephyrocapsa complex (haptophyta)},
	journal = {Protist},
	volume = {166},
	number = {3},
	year = {2015},
	note = {tex.mendeley-tags: 2015,RCC1281,RCC1282,RCC1284,RCC1286,RCC1292,RCC1300,RCC1305,RCC1307,RCC1316,RCC1317,RCC1318,RCC1319,RCC1320,RCC1562,RCC1839,RCC3370,RCC3862,RCC3898,rcc},
	pages = {323{\textendash}336},
	abstract = {The coccolithophore genus Gephyrocapsa contains a cosmopolitan assemblage of pelagic species, including the bloom-forming Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and is closely related to the emblematic coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi within the No{\"e}laerhabdaceae. These two species have been extensively studied and are well represented in culture collections, whereas cultures of other species of this family are lacking. We report on three new strains of Gephyrocapsa isolated into culture from samples from the Chilean coastal upwelling zone using a novel flow cytometric single-cell sorting technique. The strains were characterized by morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis of 6 genes (nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA, plastidial 16S and tufA, and mitochondrial cox1 and cox3 genes). Morphometric features of the coccoliths indicate that these isolates are distinct from G. oceanica and best correspond to G. muellerae. Surprisingly, both plastidial and mitochondrial gene phylogenies placed these strains within the E. huxleyi clade and well separated from G. oceanica isolates, making Emiliania appear polyphyletic. The only nuclear sequence difference, 1bp in the 28S rDNA region, also grouped E. huxleyi with the new Gephyrocapsa isolates and apart from G. oceanica. Specifically, the G. muellerae morphotype strains clustered with the mitochondrial β clade of E. huxleyi, which, like G. muellerae, has been associated with cold (temperate and sub-polar) waters. Among putative evolutionary scenarios that could explain these results we discuss the possibility that E. huxleyi is not a valid taxonomic unit, or, alternatively the possibility of past hybridization and introgression between each E. huxleyi clade and older Gephyrocapsa clades. In either case, the results support the transfer of Emiliania to Gephyrocapsa. These results have important implications for relating morphological species concepts to ecological and evolutionary units of diversity.},
	keywords = {2015, coccolithophores, Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa muellerae, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, hybridization, phylogeny., rcc, RCC1281, RCC1282, RCC1284, RCC1286, RCC1292, RCC1300, RCC1305, RCC1307, RCC1316, RCC1317, RCC1318, RCC1319, RCC1320, RCC1562, RCC1839, RCC3370, RCC3862, RCC3898, species concept},
	issn = {14344610},
	doi = {10.1016/j.protis.2015.05.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1434461015000243},
	author = {Bendif, El Mahdi and Probert, Ian and Young, Jeremy R. and von Dassow, Peter}
}
