@article {yu_does_2023,
	title = {Does the life cycle stage matter for distinguishing phytoplankton via fluoro-electrochemical microscopy?},
	journal = {Cell Reports Physical Science},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {101223},
	abstract = {Phytoplankton have species-specific responses toward electrogenerated oxidants, allowing high-throughput species analysis. Herein, a fluoro-electrochemical method is used to expose single Chlamydomonas concordia vegetative cells at different points within their life cycle to electro-generated oxidants from seawater. The resulting decay in fluorescence from chlorophyll-a is measured as a function of time and drops to zero for phytoplankton adjacent to the electrode over a period of a few seconds. The chlorophyll-a transient timescale allows mother cells, which are distinctively larger and require a larger quantity of oxidants, to be distinguished from either zoospores or {\textquotedblleft}growing{\textquotedblright} cells, while all the cells show the same intrinsic susceptibility modulated only by the size of the phytoplankton. These observations are essential for the future automated characterization of the speciation of phytoplankton populations as they show that there is no need to manually identify the life cycle stage.},
	keywords = {electrogenerated radicals, fluoro-electrochemistry, Green algae, life cycle, marine phytoplankton, oxidative damage, RCC1, remote sensing, susceptibility library},
	issn = {2666-3864},
	doi = {10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101223},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666386422005410},
	author = {Yu, Jiahao and Yang, Minjun and Batchelor-McAuley, Christopher and Barton, Samuel and Rickaby, Rosalind E. M. and Bouman, Heather A. and Compton, Richard G.}
}
@booklet {barton_novel_2023,
	title = {A novel fluoro-electrochemical technique for classifying diverse marine nanophytoplankton},
	year = {2023},
	month = {apr},
	publisher = {Life Sciences},
	type = {preprint},
	abstract = {<p>To broaden our understanding of pelagic ecosystem responses to environmental change, it is essential that we improve the spatio-temporal resolution of in situ monitoring of phytoplankton communities. A key challenge for existing methods is in classifying and quantifying cells within the nanophytoplankton size range (2-20{\textmu}m). This is particularly difficult when there are similarities in morphology, making visual differentiation difficult for both trained taxonomists and machine learning based approaches. Here we present a rapid fluoro-electrochemical technique for classifying nanophytoplankton, and using a library of 52 diverse strains of nanophytoplankton we assess the accuracy of this technique based on two measurements at the individual level: charge required to reduce per cell chlorophyll a fluorescence by 50\%, and cell radius. We demonstrate a high degree of accuracy overall (\&gt;90\%) in categorising cells belonging to widely recognised key functional groups, however this is reduced when we consider the broader diversity of {\textquotedblleft}nano-phytoflagellates{\textquotedblright}. Notably, we observe that some groups, for example calcifying Isochrysidales, have much greater resilience to electrochemically driven oxidative conditions relative to others of a similar size, making them more easily categorised by the technique. The findings of this study present a promising step forward in advancing our toolkit for monitoring phytoplankton communities. We highlight that, for improved categorisation accuracy, future iterations of the method can be enhanced by measuring additional predictor variables with minimal adjustments to the set-up. In doing so, we foresee this technique being highly applicable, and potentially invaluable, for in situ classification and enumeration of the nanophytoplankton size fraction.</p>
},
	keywords = {RCC1, rcc1084, RCC1130, RCC1150, RCC1178, RCC1185, RCC1198, RCC1216, rcc1217, RCC1242, RCC1314, RCC1346, RCC1489, RCC1511, RCC1546, RCC1557, RCC1614, rcc1731, RCC191, RCC2570, RCC3598, RCC3696, RCC3776, RCC3780, RCC4207, RCC4221, RCC4273, RCC4657, RCC4660, RCC6, RCC623, RCC6516, RCC656, RCC678, RCC69, RCC74, RCC76, RCC8, RCC80, RCC81, RCC88, RCC911, RCC950},
	doi = {10.1002/lom3.10572},
	url = {https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lom3.10572},
	author = {Barton, Samuel and Yang, Minjun and Chen, Haotian and Batchelor-McAuley, Christopher and Compton, Richard and Bouman, Heather and Rickaby, Rosalind}
}
@article {fan_quantifying_2022,
	title = {Quantifying the Extent of Calcification of a Coccolithophore Using a Coulter Counter},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	year = {2022},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {acs.analchem.2c01971},
	abstract = {Although, in principle, the Coulter Counter technique yields an absolute measure of particle volume, in practice, calibration is nearuniversally employed. For regularly shaped and non-biological samples, the use of latex beads for calibration can provide sufficient accuracy. However, this is not the case with particles encased in biogenically formed calcite. To date, there has been no effective route by which a Coulter Counter can be calibrated to enable the calcification of coccolithophores�single cells encrusted with biogenic calcite�to be quantified. Consequently, herein, we seek to answer the following question: to what extent can a Coulter Counter be used to provide accurate information regarding the calcite content of a singlespecies coccolithophore population? Through the development of a new calibration methodology, based on the measurement and dynamic tracking of the acid-driven calcite dissolution reaction, a route by which the cellular calcite content can be determined is presented. This new method allows, for the first time, a Coulter Counter to be used to yield an absolute measurement of the amount of calcite per cell.},
	keywords = {RCC1198, RCC1216, RCC1314},
	issn = {0003-2700, 1520-6882},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01971},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01971},
	author = {Fan, Xinmeng and Batchelor-McAuley, Christopher and Yang, Minjun and Barton, Samuel and Rickaby, Rosalind E. M. and Bouman, Heather A. and Compton, Richard G.}
}
@article {yang_opto-electrochemical_2021,
	title = {Opto-Electrochemical Dissolution Reveals Coccolith Calcium Carbonate Content},
	journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
	volume = {60},
	number = {38},
	year = {2021},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/anie.202108435},
	pages = {20999{\textendash}21006},
	abstract = {Coccoliths are plates of biogenic calcium carbonate secreted by calcifying marine phytoplankton; annually these phytoplankton are responsible for exporting >1 billion tonnes (1015 g) of calcite to the deep ocean. Rapid and reliable methods for assessing the degree of calcification are technically challenging because the coccoliths are micron sized and contain picograms (pg) of calcite. Here we pioneer an opto-eletrochemical acid titration of individual coccoliths which allows 3D reconstruction of each individual coccolith via in situ optical imaging enabling direct inference of the coccolith mass. Coccolith mass ranging from 2 to 400 pg are reported herein, evidencing both inter- and intra-species variation over four different species. We foresee this scientific breakthrough, which is independent of knowledge regarding the species and calibration-free, will allow continuous monitoring and reporting of the degree of coccolith calcification in the changing marine environment.},
	keywords = {analytical methods, calcite dissolution, electrochemistry, global carbonate cycle, marine phytoplankton, RCC1130, RCC1198, RCC1216, RCC1314},
	issn = {1521-3773},
	doi = {10.1002/anie.202108435},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.202108435},
	author = {Yang, Minjun and Batchelor-McAuley, Christopher and Barton, Samuel and Rickaby, Rosalind E. M. and Bouman, Heather A. and Compton, Richard G.}
}
