@article {eyal_variability_2022,
	title = {The variability in the structural and functional properties of coccolith base plates},
	journal = {Acta Biomaterialia},
	volume = {148},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {336{\textendash}344},
	abstract = {Biomineralization processes exert varying levels of control over crystallization, ranging from poorly ordered polycrystalline arrays to intricately shaped single crystals. Coccoliths, calcified scales formed by unicellular algae, are a model for a highly controlled crystallization process. The coccolith crystals nucleate next to an organic oval structure that was termed the base plate, leading to the assumption that it is responsible for the oriented nucleation of the crystals via stereochemical interactions. In recent years, several works focusing on a well-characterized model species demonstrated a fundamental role for indirect interactions that facilitate coccolith crystallization. Here, we developed the tools to extract the base plates from five different species, giving the opportunity to systematically explore the relations between base plate and coccolith properties. We used multiple imaging techniques to evaluate the structural and chemical features of the base plates under native hydrated conditions. The results show a wide range of properties, overlaid on a common rudimentary scaffold that lacks any detectable structural or chemical motifs that can explain direct nucleation control. This work emphasizes that it is the combination between the base plate and the chemical environment inside the cell that cooperatively facilitate the exquisite control over the crystallization process. Statement of significance Biological organic scaffolds can serve as functional surfaces that guide the formation of inorganic materials. However, in many cases the specific interactions that facilitate such tight regulation are complex and not fully understood. In this work, we elucidate the architecture of such amodel biological template, an organic scale that directs the assembly of exquisite crystalline arrays of marine microalgae. By using cryo electron microscopy, we reveal the native state organization of these scales from several species. The observed similarities and differences allow us to propose that the chemical microenvironment, rather than stereochemical matching, is the pivotal regulator of the process.},
	keywords = {biomineralization, Calcite, Coccoliths, Cryo electron tomography, Crystallization, RCC1130, RCC1181, RCC190, RCC3777},
	issn = {1742-7061},
	doi = {10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.027},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174270612200366X},
	author = {Eyal, Zohar and Krounbi, Leilah and Ben Joseph, Oz and Avrahami, Emanuel M. and Pinkas, Iddo and Peled-Zehavi, Hadas and Gal, Assaf}
}
@article {Marie2014,
	title = {An improved protocol for flow cytometry analysis of phytoplankton cultures and natural samples},
	journal = {Cytometry},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2014},
	note = {tex.mendeley-tags: RCC100,RCC1085,RCC114,RCC156,RCC168,RCC174,RCC180,RCC190,RCC263,RCC365,RCC400,RCC432,RCC446,RCC475,RCC480,RCC504,RCC745,RCC91},
	pages = {962{\textendash}968},
	abstract = {Preservation of cells, choice of fixative, storage, and thawing conditions are recurrent issues for the analysis of phytoplankton by flow cytometry. We examined the effects of addition of the surfactant Pluronic F68 to glutaraldehyde-fixed photosynthetic organisms in cultures and natural samples. In particular, we examined cell losses and modifications of side scatter (a proxy of cell size) and fluorescence of natural pigments. We found that different marine phytoplankton species react differently to the action of Pluronic F68. In particular, photosynthetic prokaryotes are less sensitive than eukaryotes. Observed cell losses may result from cell lysis or from cell adhesion to the walls of plastic tubes that are commonly used for flow cytometry analysis. The addition of the surfactant, Pluronic F68, has a positive effect on cells for long-term storage. We recommend to modify current protocols for preservation of natural marine planktonic samples, by fixing them with glutaraldehyde 0.25\% (final concentration) and adding Pluronic F68 at a final concentration of 0.01\% in the samples before preservation. Pluronic F68 also appears effective for preserving samples without fixation for subsequent sorting, e.g. for molecular biology analyses. (c) 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry},
	keywords = {ASSEMBLE, MACUMBA, RCC100, RCC1085, RCC114, RCC156, RCC168, rcc174, RCC180, RCC190, RCC263, RCC365, RCC400, RCC432, RCC446, RCC475, RCC480, RCC504, RCC745, RCC91, RCC?o?dd, SBR$_\textrmP$hyto$_\textrmD$PO},
	doi = {10.1002/cyto.a.22517},
	author = {Marie, D and Rigaut-Jalabert, F and Vaulot, D}
}
